The relationship between white men and black men in the USA during the 1930s Essay Example for Free

The relationship between white men and black men in the USA during the 1930s Essay This essay is about the novel Of Mice And Men and how it shows the relationship between white men and black men in the USA during the 1930s. The novel is set California and shows the life of itinerant workers and also give a great imagine of how Black men were treated. The novel Of mice and men by John Steinbeck creates a great picture of what black people were thought of, treated like and the general standard of how they lived back in USA, during the 1930s. The first time we see any of this, is at the start of the second chapter when the one and only black character in Steinbecks book is revealed. The one and only black character in this novel is named Crooks, and throughout the whole of the novel we are never sure if this his real name or a nickname; but we guess that it is a nickname as he also has a crooked back which causes him to be constantly lent over. Got a crooked back where a horse kick him. Crookss bad back could be just a coincidence and the only black man in the novel may have a crooked back for no apparent reason, but it also may be for a particular reason? By making Crooks have a crooked back which makes him continuously lent over and lower than the rest could be to show the way black people always had to look up at any white man and that they were at a very much lower social place then white men. But it could also be there to illustrate the heavy burden of white prejudice that black men had to cope with, I believe that he has a crooked back for a mix of both reasons. We also discover that even the nickname Crooks is not used regularly and that he is frequently being called either stable buck or nigger, this shows us that verbal racism is not frowned upon and is very often used in normal conversations between itinerant workers right the way through the novel. This is clearly shown when Candy is remembering a fight between Crooks and Smitty for George, The guys wouldnt let him use his feet, so the nigger got him. This use of offensive words by near enough everyone sometime throughout the novel, shows the utter disrespect and cruelness that white men had and showed towards black men during the 1930s. I think that the way that black men and women were talked by the white people to during the 1930s in the USA was pointless and if that the white men were to have put aside their grievances towards the black men and most probably also the other way around to, them both black and white men would of had a easier life. The novel also creates a crucial picture of what black men had to face other than verbal abuse from white men; a situation that accurs towards the start of the book that shows what black men had to endure is when we find out from Candy about the fight which Crooks had with Smitty. We learn that Crooks was invited into the bunk house one night around Christmas time and that that night Smitty went for him, the novel also doesnt give or imply an reason for this behaviour, except the obvious; because Crooks was black. They let the nigger come in that night. Little Skinner name of Smitty took after the nigger. Done pretty good, too. The way that Smitty treated Crooks that night shows how much fear and fright that white people gave towards the black people, and a lot of which was for no reason, just imagine if Crooks had done some thing to offend Smitty? Another time when we see that Crooks is the person who everyone takes out their frustration and anger on is when, we find out that the boss took out his anger on him when Lennie and George did turn up when they were supposed to, He sure was burned when you wasnt here this morning. Come right in when we was eatin breakfast and says, where the hell the new men? An he give the stable buck hell, too. This quote again shows that he is pick on by the white men. The first glimmer of hope that we get which may show that white men may of had some respect for black men is also again when Smitty picks a fight with crooks, and the other workers say to Smitty that because Crooks has a bad back he can not use his feet. The guys wouldnt let him use his feet, so the nigger got him. This act by the other workers may have shown that they respected Crooks enough to make it a fairer fight but, I feel that the only reason why the other workers said that Smitty couldnt use his feet were to make it a long, better fight. We also find out in this part of the chapter that Smitty was alleged to have said, He woulda killed the nigger. This shows that he extremely dislikes black men and wouldnt just stop at giving them a kick in but wanted to kill him. This maltreatment by the white men has a pretty obvious and inescapable effect on Crooks, as all of the way through the book Crooks keeps to himself and doesnt interact with many of the other itinerant worker unless totally necessary. Although the novel also gives the impression that Crooks likes his privacy and isolation, Crooks was a proud aloof, man. He kept his distance and demanded that others kept theirs. I think that this is just a layer of protection that he is putting on because he has be hurt by the white men and is scared of them, what they will do to him and also so he cant be hurt by the white men again. This point is shown best when the only white character in the book that freely goes into Crooks room and speaks to him, and he still has a large guard up and tries his hardest to make Lennie who was the white man leave the room. You aint wanted in my room. And again when Crooks says Well, go see your pup, then. Dont come into a place where you aint wanted. These quotes clearly show that Crooks doesnt want Lennie in the room, but this is only because of what has happened to him in the past and because of that he feels he cannot trust white men. I think this is wrong as it is noticeable that crooks wants to speak to Lennie but is to scared to, due to what the other white men have done to him in the past. This shouldnt be happening and if crooks wants to speak to Lennie he should be able to do it with out feeling scared. The novel also tells us that he is always left out and alone, and this is holey because of the white men disliking him. A quote that shows us how he is isolated, left out and disrespected Crooks is by the group is, when he is speaking to Lennie in his room and he says, I aint wanted in the bunk house, another quote which also sows this point is again when he is speaking to Lennie and he says, Cause Im black. They play cards in there, but I cant because Im black. They say I stink. This shows again that in the 1930s black men where on top of most peoples most hated lists and were treat badly by white men. A different way that the novel reveals to shows how black men where treated badly and with a lower status than the white men, is at the start of chapter four when John Steinbeck describes the room that crooks live in, Crooks the Negro stable buck, had his bunk in the harness room; a little shed that leaned of the wall of the barn. On one side of the little room there was a square four-paned window, and on the other, a narrow plank door leading into the barn. Crooks bunk was a long box filled with straw on which his blankets were flung. The reason why crooks lives alone in a small animal worthy bunkhouse was because the other white workers didnt want to share with him. The Description of the room also shows that he is not only made to sleep in a small room but also that his bed is merely a box filled will straw, this is more like what a animal should be sleeping on. As the description of his room become more in-depth we find out that the walls of his room was plastered in things like broken hames, knifes, needles and loads more and we also learn that he can read and has a selection of books above his bed. On the wall by the window there were pegs on which hung broken harness in process of being mended; strips of new leather; and under the window itself a little bench for leather-working tools, curves knifes and needles and balls of linen thread, and a small hand riveter. On pegs were also pieces of harness, a slit collar with the horsehair stuffing sticking out, a broken hame, and a trace chain with its leather covering split. It goes on to say about his books, And he had books, too. All of these things up on his wall show that he was a very skilled man and is very handy and is probably why he was hired, the fact that he is a blacksmith shows that he can mend and create saddles, create horseshoes and do everything a blacksmith can do. But all the other things on his walls; like the needles and threads show that he has many other talents and skills. But maybe the biggest detail, which this description shows us, is that he can read and this is something that many of the other workers probably couldnt. I think that the range of skills that Crooks possesses is not totally why the other white men treat him bad and leave him out, but these talents could make the other white men feel small and make them jealous and this could be a reason for not liking Crooks. The one of few times the novel shows Crooks getting treated with any respect from the white men, is when he goes to see slim at his bunk house because he was doing a job for him. The door opened quietly and the stable buck put in his head. Slim took his eyes from old candy. Huh? Oh! Hello, Crooks whats the matter? This is the first time in the book that Crooks is spoken to decently and with respect, this was a big surprise as it was the first time Crooks was spoken let alone nicely. Although Crooks has been disrespected enough to hate all white men he showed the respect that he got from slim back and calls him Mr Slim. The quote also helps to show us how Crooks keeps a watchful eye of where he goes and we can see that he want to stay out of the white mens way. We see when he goes to see Slim and he only pops his head around the door. John Steinbeck also gave a description of Crooks in this quote, a lean negro head, lined with pain, the eye patient this description portrays a black man that had suffered the pain and agony of racism. Another time, which Crooks is treated with even the slightest respect, is when he is speaking to Lennie. This is best shown when Lennie first enters Crookss room and makes a gesture towards Crooks. Lennie smiled helplessly in an attempt to make friends. Although in away Lennie is still a kid and therefore doesnt understand why Crooks is treated badly by the others, he is still white and Crooks automatically thinks that white people dont want to speak to him and he instinctively put up a front, and replies You got no right to come in my room. But under this front Crooks wants to speak and once he realises that Lennie in genuine they have a respectful conversation. From the novel we also find out that crooks had once played with other kids who were white, we find this out when Crooks is speaking to Lennie in his room. The white kid come to play at our place, an sometimes I went to play with them, and some of them was pretty nice. My ol man didnt like that. I never knew why till long later why he didnt like that. But I know now. This quote shows that kids either had very different views on other black people than adults or had no views at all. The quote also illustrates that the other kids treated him no different than they would another white kid and explains to us how his Dad didnt like him playing with the white kids, this was probably since he knew the pain and hurt than black men went through because of white men and knew that it would happen to his son when the white kids get older and learn to hate black people. The way that the kids show no shame when playing with each other shows that white and black men can mix and in a way the kids show up the adults by acting more mature. From the novel I can see clearly that racism is taught by society and realise that the white men dont hate black men because of personal grievances but because they have been taught to hate them.

Malcolm X :: essays research papers

Malcolm X was one of the most influential black American leaders of the 1950's and 1960's. At first he was a criminal but then changed himself into an important defender of the rights of blacks. Growing up as a boy his father was a follower of Marcus Garvey, a black leader who worked to create close political and economic ties to Africa. In 1931, Malcolm's father died after being run over by a car. Malcolm believed white racists took his fathers life. When Malcolm was 12 years old, his mother was admitted to a mental hospital. After these two incidents, Malcolm spent the rest of his childhood in foster homes. In 1941, Malcolm moved to Boston where he became involved in criminal activities. In 1946, he was arrested for burglary and sent to prison. In prison, he joined the Nation of Islam, also called the Black Muslims. Malcolm was then taught that that white people were devils. After Malcolm got out of prison, he changed his last name to "X". The letter stood for the unknown African name of Malcolm's slave ancestors. Malcolm X quickly became the Nation of Islam's most effective minister. A great speaker, Malcolm urged blacks to live separately from whites and to win their freedom "by any means necessary." But he became dissatisfied with the Nation of Islam, in part because the group avoided political activity. In 1964, Malcolm X broke with the Nation of Islam. Soon afterward, he traveled to the Muslim holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. He met Muslims of many ethnic backgrounds and rejected the view that all white people are devils. Malcolm X adopted the Muslim name El-Hajj Malik El-Shabbazz. After returning to the United States, he formed his own group, the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Malcolm X rejected nonviolence as a principle, but he sought cooperation with Martin Luther King, Jr., and other civil rights activists who favored militant nonviolent protests. But by this time, some Black Muslims had condemned Malcolm X as a hypocrite because of his criticisms of the group's leader, Elijah Muhammad. On Feb. 21, 1965, Malcolm X was shot while giving a speech in New York City. Three members of the Nation of Islam were convicted of the crime. The story of Malcolm X ties into Song of Solomon, by Toni Morrison. Guitar and Milkman are together and Milkman’s asks Guitar why he is so secretive. Malcolm X :: essays research papers Malcolm X was one of the most influential black American leaders of the 1950's and 1960's. At first he was a criminal but then changed himself into an important defender of the rights of blacks. Growing up as a boy his father was a follower of Marcus Garvey, a black leader who worked to create close political and economic ties to Africa. In 1931, Malcolm's father died after being run over by a car. Malcolm believed white racists took his fathers life. When Malcolm was 12 years old, his mother was admitted to a mental hospital. After these two incidents, Malcolm spent the rest of his childhood in foster homes. In 1941, Malcolm moved to Boston where he became involved in criminal activities. In 1946, he was arrested for burglary and sent to prison. In prison, he joined the Nation of Islam, also called the Black Muslims. Malcolm was then taught that that white people were devils. After Malcolm got out of prison, he changed his last name to "X". The letter stood for the unknown African name of Malcolm's slave ancestors. Malcolm X quickly became the Nation of Islam's most effective minister. A great speaker, Malcolm urged blacks to live separately from whites and to win their freedom "by any means necessary." But he became dissatisfied with the Nation of Islam, in part because the group avoided political activity. In 1964, Malcolm X broke with the Nation of Islam. Soon afterward, he traveled to the Muslim holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. He met Muslims of many ethnic backgrounds and rejected the view that all white people are devils. Malcolm X adopted the Muslim name El-Hajj Malik El-Shabbazz. After returning to the United States, he formed his own group, the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Malcolm X rejected nonviolence as a principle, but he sought cooperation with Martin Luther King, Jr., and other civil rights activists who favored militant nonviolent protests. But by this time, some Black Muslims had condemned Malcolm X as a hypocrite because of his criticisms of the group's leader, Elijah Muhammad. On Feb. 21, 1965, Malcolm X was shot while giving a speech in New York City. Three members of the Nation of Islam were convicted of the crime. The story of Malcolm X ties into Song of Solomon, by Toni Morrison. Guitar and Milkman are together and Milkman’s asks Guitar why he is so secretive.

Leadership Program Case

I had spent about 3 months in my new Job at JP Morgan, Singapore, as a business analyst in the clearing and settlement project management team. I was handling a critical and high-budget project spanning over 4 different locations. Pleased with my work and the team player attributes I had shown in the few months, my Executive Director called me into his cabin and offered me an additional responsibility. He said that he had started an â€Å"Offshore Test Centre (ETC)† initiative and he felt that it deed a manager and a leader to get it streamlined and functioning well.In addition to my work as an analyst in my project, I would be given the manager position for the ETC team. Thinking that it would be a great opportunity to hone my team leadership skills, I accepted. The ETC or the Offshore Test Centre was a team of consultants from Polaris who were working for JP Morgan. The team comprised of 4 people from Iambi and 3 people from Hydrated, in India, 1 person in London, I-J and 2 people in North America. I was situated in Singapore. When, I officially took over, I was made aware of the problems immediately.The person who was leading the team before me had little experience in the clearing and settlement technology area and was not able to provide the required level of expertise. He was let go and I was the replacement manager. The main issues I encountered were: 1 . ) It was a new team and until now there had been no one to structure it or establish any guidelines. There was no team cohesion and feeling of camaraderie within the am was absent. 2. ) The members had not received any training or formal knowledge sessions related to technology and business. . ) There was no recognition for the team as it hadn't been able to carve a niche for itself. The technology team did their own quality testing as there was no trust and hence no dependency. 4. ) They already had a team leader at offshore who was handling the administration activities for Polaris, and he hand led the leaves, appraisal and allocation for the team members. I started off by making a formal introduction via email and video conferencing to ensure that everyone in different time zones was included.We had a good initial knowledge transfer session where I shared my knowledge in the areas of work and my vision for the team. The team members gave me an idea of the kind of work they had been doing in the past and the processes and flows and also what their goals and expectations were. During the week, I set up one-on-one meetings with every individual and spoke at length. I kept the tone informal and lowly but steadily, people opened up and spoke about the issues they encountered and offered solutions as well.I established a weekly reporting process, where I consolidated the tasks completed by each member and sent it to the senior management. This improved the visibility of our team. I made sure, with the help of my director that the process was more streamlined and all the enhance ments and change releases went through our team first for quality assurance. This not only created a healthy dependency between the technology, management and the test team, but also helped open dialogues between the teams making the collaboration stronger.Most importantly, I set up training sessions every alternate day and made sure I received feedback and summarization on the sessions from the members. I initially did face some negative reactions to the changes from some of the team members, especially from the offshore leader. But eventually, as we made progress and the positive implications became clear, I started receiving positive feedbacks and my team claimed that it was much happier with their radioactivity.We started catering to diverse teams and technology, and in the process I had learn the new business and technology as well for the order matching and celebration team. Best part was, that the team was now recognized among the top management as one of the efficient qualit y assurance team as our delivery defects were substantially reduced by over 40%. My Executive director was happy as the both technology and management team both felt that the entire system was now benefiting from this step.

Stem Cell Research is a Vital Necessity for Medical...

According to Christopher Reeve, the actor who played Superman and tragically became paralyzed, said, â€Å"The greatest good for the greatest number of people means allowing embryonic stem cell research, which has the potential to help 150 million Americans who suffer from serious or incurable diseases or disabilities† (Roleff 63). It is incredible how some of the smallest items like stem cells can have such a drastic impact on the world. Two types of these tiny cells are adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. These stem cells are important and have unique opportunities. However, there are ethical issues with researching stem cells. Nevertheless, it is still important for stem cells to be researched. Because stem cell research is a†¦show more content†¦This is because, embryonic stem cells have the aptitude to be developed into whichever cell made in the human body (Human Embryo Experimentation 12). Embryonic stem cells come from a blastocyst, which is an e mbryo three to five days old (Stem Cell Basics: Introduction). The embryonic stem cells receive a signal which tells the cell to turn on certain genes and make new proteins to create the type of cell it will be (Genetic Science Learning Center). Stem cell research generates important and unique opportunities offered in the medical community to create major scientific advances. Adult and embryonic stem cells have the potential to treat and cure diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, spinal cord injuries, stroke, burns, heart disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, muscle damage, diabetes, and some cancers (Stem Cell Basics: Introduction). In 2001, 3,000 Americans were killed every day by these diseases according to Shane Ham (Human Embryo Experimentation 67). Laboratory’s studying stem cells scientist gain information about the cells essential properties and what makes them different from specialized cells (Stem Cell Basics: Introduction). These s tem cells are different than specialized cells because embryonic stem cells could possibly help create replacement cells. The replacement cells are created to replace many different kinds of tissues and organs, like the heart, liver, and pancreas (Brown). Adult stem cells treat leukemia, heartShow MoreRelatedThe Cloning Should Not Be Banned By The Human Body886 Words   |  4 Pages Cloning Dolly, the sheep in 1996 was a momentous moment in scientific history. Scientists removed the nucleus from one of Dolly s skin cells and engineered an egg to be insert with then nucleus. This egg could have fertilized in a mothers uterus. Following this discovery, mice, pigs and cattle have been cloned based on the same concept. In 2012, a group of scientists took cloning a step further and cloned human embryos. 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