Tapping Essays - Tapping, , Term Papers, Research Papers

Tapping Do you hear the tapping at my window pane? They who hear it are insane Sharply tapping, slightly screaching I can feel it getting closer, now its reaching My heart is beating faster and loud I want to hide and not be found For if the tapping finds me I'll no longer be free I feel alone except my thinking But now I feel my thought slowly sinking I don't want to die but if I do I'd like once more to see the sky pale blue My fear is finally disappearing The tapping is gently clearing A rush of thoughts to my mind Makes it easier for me to find That I can slightly open my eyes To see everything and all the lies That the tapping at my window pane The whole time was just the rain!

Comparison of Old and New Management Concepts

Comparison of Old and New Management Concepts Introduction Management today is hovering at the edge of the great divide between the old management concept, which is dying and new management concept, which is still being born. The old management concept comprises of classical theories of Henri Fayol, Mac Weber, and Frederick Taylor that was used in managing simple conditions during the industrial age (Drucker Maciariello, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Comparison of Old and New Management Concepts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the new management concept comprises of human and social factors. Despite the fact that the new stream of management concept has appeared, bewilderment still lingers over what the concept will comprise of when it matures. It is widely accepted that the new concept of management should present individuals with the authority to control their lives, and must ensure that they are answerable for their perf ormances. This article seeks to compare the old and new management concepts. Old verses new management concepts The organization structure of the old management concept was hierarchical in nature. Through this hierarchical model of organizations, the pyramids in Egypt, medieval churches, the great wall in China, and new industries during the industrial age were established (Halal, 2001). It should be noted that the model dominated up to the industrial age because it was an appropriate management custom task performed by uneducated workers. Currently, the information age has resulted in numerous revolutionary forces that have rendered hierarchies outdated. Under the new management concept, corporations have disbanded hierarchy form of organization structures in favor of the internal markets form of organization structures. Compared to the old model, the new model is more precise and flexible. Internal markets have enabled the growth of the power of free markets in the institutions by defining units as small internal enterprise working together within a supportive corporate infrastructure. Through this, ingenuity of small business ventures and the economic power of large corporation markets have been made possible. Another difference between the two concepts of management is that the old management concept was profit-centered model, while the new concept of management is corporate-oriented model (Halal, 2001). During the industrial age, one party gained at the loss of the other. This was realized as management was geared towards making money. In the zealous pursuit of money, managers were often encouraged to disregard social consequences. Although the new concept of management still emphasizes on the need for making profits, it is more geared towards serving the society compared to the old concept.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Curre ntly, managers have become aware that all organizations are comprised of the investors, the public, and the customers. The success of these organizations depends on the managers’ ability to support and manage these groups. It is with no surprise that with the new concept of management the roles of businesses are expanding to form a corporate community with profit being critical but limited goal. The old concept’s management system is mechanistic, while the new concept’s management system is organic (Halal, 2001). Mechanistic system is fixed, while the organic system is dynamic. The organic system comprises of growing and decaying components. In the old management concept, when the system is created the managers are required to focus their attention on the individuals rather than on the system. Concerning the new concept, managers acknowledge that a greater percentage of the output emanates from the design of the system. This implies that under the new concept mo re emphasis is laid on the system to enable the employees to perform effectively. Another difference between the two concepts of management is that the old management operated under old capitalism verses the old socialism environment, whereas the new concept operates under a democratic enterprise (Halal, 2001). In the old management concept, there has been little or no entrepreneurial freedom inside the corporations because they were traditionally managed as centrally planned hierarchies. However, in the last few years, new vitalities have been introduced into the corporate world. As smaller business units emerge, entrepreneurial freedom and accountability for economic results are being embraced. Similarly, the new management concept emphasizes empowerment, participation, collaborative working relations, human values, and other democratic ideals compared to the old concept. Conclusion As noted above, management concepts have gone through some fundamental transformations over the las t few decades. Notably, the organization structure of the old management concept was hierarchical in nature. Under the new management concept, corporations have disbanded hierarchy form of organization structures in favor of the internal markets form of organization structures. Evolving from old capitalistic and socialistic environment, the new management concept has produced bureaucrats who uphold democratic ideals. Equally, the current management concept has evolved from the old profit-centered model to the new corporate-oriented model. It should be noted that although the new concept of management still emphasizes on the need for making profits, it is more geared towards serving the society compared to the old concept. In the future, managers should ensure that new concepts of management should present individuals with the authority to control their lives, and must ensure that they are answerable for their performances.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sam ple on Comparison of Old and New Management Concepts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Drucker, P. F., Maciariello, J. A. (2008). Management. New York, NY: Collins Publishers . Halal, W. E. (2001). The new management: democracy and enterprise are transforming organizations. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Coursework Management (Discussion Questions) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management (Discussion Questions) - Coursework Example The Mexican American Residents in Texas became U.S citizens following the precedent in Hernandez case. They were not initially treated as equals of Anglo citizens. 4. The Anglos, who settled in Texas, held stereotypes about the Mexican-Americans. They called them ‘wetback,' ‘greasers,' and ‘pepper belly.' They viewed them as being illegal with prejudices emanating from racial backgrounds. 5. The segregation of the Mexican Americans differed with that of the African-Americans in the African Americans were recognized by the law while the Mexican Americans were not. African Americans could, therefore, be represented on a jury while Mexican Americans could not. 6. About 750,000 Mexican American men served in the World War II. Their experience in the war changes the Mexican American view of themselves in that they saw themselves as people with a unique identity. As a result, they developed patriotism through which they fought for their rights. 7. The scandal concerning Private Felix Longoria pertains to the discovery of the remains of his body in Philippines where he had been killed on a volunteer mission during the World War II. The director of the funeral home where the remains of Felix was to be buried refused access to the chapel because previous disturbances by the Mexican Americans. That symbolized racial segregation. The controversy was ended through a committee of the members of Texas House of Representatives that investigated the matter.

ISO Program and Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ISO Program and Structure - Essay Example The conformity with standards provides assurance to the stakeholders that products and/ or services will operate as desired. The standardization began with the establishment of International Electrontechnical Commission (IEC) in 1906. Other significatn contributions in fields other than the electrotechnical field came through International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations (ISA) that was established in 1926. In 1946, it was decided to create a new international organization with objective 'to facilitate the international coordination and unification of industrial standards'. Hence, ISO came in to being and officially started operations on February 23, 1947. All members of ISO are treated equally towards development of standards. Having one vote per member regardless of the country to which he/ she belongs, ISO's activities are carried out in democratic way at the strategic as well as technical and operational levels. ISO is a non-government organization and as such all the standards that are developed by ISO are not monitored for implementation as part of the regulatory mechanism. However, many countries and associations, realizing the value and impact of these standards, have made it mandatory for companies to comply in their respective countries. Market driven. Only those standards are develop by ISO for which there is a requirement in the market. Standards are developed by industry, technical and market experts and they are joined by other specialized knowledge bearers. Consensus. Since the standards are developed when there is a market requirement, and are finalized once consensus is obtained from the stakeholders, this ensure the wide spread acceptance once the standards are out. ISO reviews the standards once every five years to ensure these remain current and up-to-date. Wordwide. There are around 3,000 ISO technical groups including technical committees, sub-committees, and working groups having almost 5,000 experts who participate towards development of ISO standards and with their consensus, the standards are finalized. What makes ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 so Special ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 series of standards have become the market's de facto standards for quality and environment management. ISO 9000 is related to quality management to achieve customer satisfaction and to meet regulatory requirements by continuous improvement in quality. ISO 14000 is concerned with environmental management and speaks of methods and techniques to reduce the harmful effects on the environment by organizations. Most of the ISO standards are specifically applied to a product, service or a process. In contrast, ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 are generic management system standards. This means that same standard can be applied regardless of the size of the company

Refelction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Refelction - Essay Example On the other hand, the situation asks teachers to arouse thought, outline examples, list probing questions for students to respond to, and counterexamples Other roles assigned to the teacher include highlighting genuine forms of application, carry out the role of the devil’s advocate, demand explanation, examine understanding, and seek justification. To justify this assertion, the author writes that, ‘teaching for understanding includes effective whole-class, small-group, and individual approaches.’ Evaluating approaches used in uncovering content require a bigger approach than the one applied in the article. In the same respect, the article delves into three methodologies of imparting knowledge in a manner that learners in an academically diverse classroom can understand the content. (Marzano, 2010, 21) The instructional techniques are six facets of understanding, crucial questions, as well as the WHERETO model. Applying critical questions as a technique of enhancing understanding starts at stage 3. It builds on activities that take place in the first stage where the teacher guides learners in developing questions that will help them in comprehending the concepts as the topic progresses. Questions are necessary teaching aids in making students grasp the concept from a close environment. The author of the article posits that ‘essential questions serve as doorways to understanding.’ This article aims at helping learners grasp crucial concepts and processes that rema in abstract always. The author proposes great modification in the allocation of the roles assigned to both teachers and learners with much emphasis on the roles of a teacher. It is at this moment that the article proposes that teachers must uncover the exact content to deliver. The article picks an image iceberg as an example to illustrate the point under discussion. ‘A certain portion is visible above the surface of the water,

Impacts of the Pornography Industry

Impacts of the Pornography Industry Critically assess the case that the products of the contemporary pornography industry are both a cause of violence and discrimination directed against women and also ‘intrinsically harmful’. It is not the purpose of this essay to defend the contemporary pornography industry which to this day remains a ‘dirty’ and -to a large extent- a male-dominated, exploitative business, but rather to understand the reasons behind this sad reality. Pornography made its first prominent appearance in feminist discourse in the late 70s, when feminist groups such as ‘Women Against Violence in Pornography and the Media’ (WAVPM) embarked upon their anti-pornography campaign in the San Francisco Bay area. The so-called ‘sex wars’ of the 1980s brought about an unprecedented division within the feminist movement. Anti-pornography writers, such as Andrea Dworkin and Catharine MacKinnon -authors of the famous ‘Minneapolis and Indianapolis ordinances’ advocated the censorship of pornographic material, on account of its role as ‘a practice that is central to the subordination of women’. Other feminists put forth a liberal legal argum ent, invoking the First Amendment to the American Constitution, which guarantees freedom of speech. Two decades later, the pornography debate has retained its relevance in feminist discourse. There is still heated disagreement over three interrelated issues: what is the definition of pornography? Does pornography cause violence and discrimination against women? What is the best way to deal with pornography in the policy and legislation arenas? While critically assessing the anti-pornography thesis, I will argue in turn that most sexually explicit graphic material is not the cause but can mirror the misogyny and exploitation that characterizes modern societies; and that far from being ‘intrinsically harmful’ pornography can in fact be employed in the service of feminist ideas. A necessary starting point if we are to understand pornography would be an analytically helpful definition. But this is itself one of the main points of disagreement between feminists. The pro-censorship side has emulated traditional definitions of pornography and equated sexual explicitness with violence and female subordination. Dworkin understands pornography as the platform where sexist ideology thrives by exhibiting male supremacy,   discernible in seven interwoven strains: the power of the self, physical power, the power of terror, the power of naming, the power of owning, the power of money and the power of sex’. Contemporary porn depicts women as the helpless victims of men: bound, tortured, humiliated, battered, urinated upon or ‘merely taken and used’. Evoking the Greek etymology of the word, Dworkin (1990:24) defines pornography as the ‘graphic depiction of whores’, (‘porne’ being the Greek for a cheap prostitute or sex slave ). Thus pornography is conceived as something sexist, violent and exploitative by definition; in other words, as an intrinsically harmful phenomenon. Even at this early stage, pro-censorship analysis seems to rest on shaky methodological grounds. First it involves a clearly circular argument which condemns pornography without trying to understand it, almost like arguing that ‘pornography is bad, because it is bad’. Second, the cross-cultural analysis of Ancient Greece is dubious, if not completely a-historical, since ‘pornography’ is not an ancient but a Victorian neologism, invented in the 19th century, thus reflecting Victorian sensitivities rather than ancient realities. Third, the definition of porn as a field of violence and sexism logically entails a distinction from other, sexually explicit material that is not violent, demeaning and exploitative, but is based on sentiments of mutuality and reciprocity. Defining this emerging category, usually referred to as ‘Erotica’, is a highly subjective endeavor and obviously unhelpful for an academic or a judge. Equating sexual explicitness to vi olence, misogyny and other value-judgments is not only counter productive to the search for a descriptive definition of pornography; it is also untrue, since it is often the case that ‘soft porn’ or even altogether non-sexual material can contain much more disturbing scenes of violence and sexism than pornography itself. Fourth, most of the anti-porn literature has applied its definitions of pornography in a vague and inconsistent manner, jumping from the ‘graphic depiction of whores’ to the more mainstream concept of porn as cheaply produced ‘smut’ for instant consumption; and sometimes to a more inclusive definition containing phenomena as diverse as fashion, TV commercials, sex toys and sex education.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Methodological concerns aside, anti-porn definitions of pornography entail positions that appear to contradict the very essence of feminism. Anti-porn pronouncements on ‘good, sensitive Erotica’ vis-à  -vis ‘bad, abusive porn’ are essentially pronouncements about ‘good’ and ‘bad’ sexuality. At the risk of caricature, this entails restrictions on sexuality of Orwellian dimensions, and is contrary to the fights of the feminist, gay and lesbian movements for sexual liberation and diversity. One anti-porn author opines that ‘erotica is rooted in eros, or passionate love, and thus in the idea of positive choice, free will, the yearning for a particular person, whereas in pornography the subject is not love at all, but domination and violence against women’. Statements like this one seem to imply an acceptance of old patriarchical stereotypes of the form ‘men are aggressive and polygamous by nature, while women are pas sive and monogamous’ and that women do not, cannot or should not enjoy sex in itself. Paradoxically, Dworkin’s (1990) synoptic treatment of the history of pornography exaggerates the passivity and helplessness of female victims and the violence of male domination to such an extent, that it unwittingly reinforces the very binary stereotypes that feminism has historically fought to uproot. Her presentation of women in pornography as ‘whores’, is at best patronizing, if not condescending and insulting towards female porn-workers, who often choose to follow that mode of subsistence. The choices of porn-workers deserve as much respect as those of women working in less stigmatized industries and, perhaps, even greater feminist solidarity.     Ã‚   Pro-censorship argumentation tends to revolve around two rhetorical devices. The first is the exaggeration of the amount and degree of violence contained in pornographic material, through the accumulation of undeniably disturbing images. The slide shows projected in WAVPM meetings and the material articulately described in Dworkin’s book have been handpicked for their shock-value and power to disturb. Drawn primarily from the underground cultures of Bizarre, Bestiality and SM, most of these images are largely unrepresentative of the mainstream market, which is both highly diversified and specialized. Specialization is a key-point because of the basic fact that different people have different ‘turn-ons’. Given that some people may find publicly disturbing, what others view as privately stimulating is no good reason to label porn in its entirety as intrinsically offensive. The second rhetorical device lies in the argument that pornography is not just a representatio n of imaginary violence but also a recorded reality or as put by MacKinnon, a ‘documentary of abuse’. Again this argument misleadingly conflates reality with representational fantasy. To claim that every woman -or man- that appears to be abused in a porn-movie is actually abused, is almost as naà ¯ve as claiming that every man shot-dead in, say, ‘the Terminator’, is actually dead. The anti-porn argument fails to take into consideration factors such as artifice, acting and role-playing. While genuine case of abuse are not absent from the porn industry, the vast majority of depictions of ‘violence’ occur in a role-playing context which carefully ensures the safety of the actors. My view is that understanding pornography requires a descriptive definition which, instead of passing judgments over the moral credentials and political consciousness of its participants, focuses on the realities of the porn industry. In this light, modern pornography, as we know it, is the graphic representation of sexually explicit material, mass-produced and mass-consumed with the purpose of sexual arousal. Although it is not ‘intrinsically evil’, this industry is morally no better than the society that produces it. The effect of sexually explicit material on its viewers and society at large is the second main component of the pornography debate. Anti-porn analysis has insisted on a theory of causality, whereby real rape, physical abuse and humiliation of women by men occur as a direct result of their exposure to the ‘hateful values’ of pornography. In Dworkin’s own words ‘at the heart of the female condition is pornography: it is the ideology that is the source of all the rest;’. By equating the representation of violence with injurious action, Dworkin evokes what neo-Aristotelian theorists of representation have termed as the ‘Mimesis-model’. Derived from the Greek word ‘mimesis’, meaning ‘imitation’ or ‘reproduction’, the model positions the real both before and after its representation. At a theoretical level the Mimesis-model can be sufficiently challenged by another Aristotelian concept, that of Catharsis. This would entail that far from reducing men to perpetrators of violence, exposure to the mock-violence of pornography -with all its artistic conventions and restrictions- would relieve them of the violent dispositions that lay ‘hidden’ in their psyche, in the same way that, say, a horror movie may give us pleasure without inciting violence and blood-thirst. The Catharsis-model fits particularly well to the very nature of pornography. Founded on a much-attested human desire for an occasional breach of taboo, porn tends to represent situations and feelings that may well be antisocial and very often remote from what the actual social practice is. Japan -a country with one of the lowest rape rates world-wide- sustains a huge pornographic industry that ‘specializes’ in violence and sexual domination. The anti-pornography perceptive fails to grasp this crucial distinction between social reality and harmless fantasy. In terms of empirical evidence, psychological experiments on the alleged correlation between exposure to porn and violent activity are, at best, inconclusive. Historical and cross-societal analysis is equally unpromising for the Mimesis-argument. Porn, in its modern sense, is a very recent creation. And yet, the exploitation of women by men had predated it by thousands of years. At the same time, political systems that adhered to the systematic suppression of pornographic representations, such as the Soviet Union or modern Islamic states, had not been less exploitative or violent. And yet, many anti-porn thinkers have insisted on censorship, despite the fact that this insistence has produced an awkward alliance with moral traditionalists from the Right. If passed, the 1984 Minneapolis ordinance would have reinvented ‘pornography’ as a criminal offence, distinct from ‘obscenity’. This would have allowed women to take civil action against anyone involved in the production, or distribution of pornography, on the grounds that they had been ‘harmed’ by its portrayal of women. In the passionate words of Andrea Dworkin (1990:224) ‘we will know that we are free when the pornography no longer exists. As long as it does exist, we must understand that we are the women in it: used by the same power, subject to the same valuation, as the vile whores who beg for more.’ If only, pornography was, indeed, the mother of all evil. Then sexism could be uprooted at one, simple, legislative stroke. But unfortunately, sexism, viole nce and exploitation are endemic to the economic structure of the modern society and pervasive of all our media. Pornography seems to have been singled out as a scapegoat for all forms of sexual prejudices in today’s world. The long-standing social stigma and visual honesty of the industry made it an easy target to right-wingers and left-wingers alike. Censorship has not worked in the past and there is no reason to believe that it will work in the future. I believe that the only viable solution to the pornography problem is the exact opposite of censorship, namely support for ‘the Politics of Representation. Women should try to ‘capture’ pornography, as producers, script-writers and directors, in a manner consistent with earlier feminist ventures into other male-dominated fields, such as literature, politics, media, religion, education and science. ‘Going legit’, would not only mean that society as a whole will take a less hypocritical stance to the realities of pornography   but also that regulation would guarantee better working conditions for female porn-workers (e.g. unionization, safe-sex, better security, health and cleanliness). Most importantly establishing a feminine perspective within the industry would counterbalance the male bias from which it now suffers. Following the example of ventu res such as ‘Femme Productions’ -launched by former porn-worker Candida Royalle and targeting a couple market- sexually explicit material written and produced by women can celebrate women’s right to pleasure without complying to sexism and exploitation. Pro-censorship feminists have been mistaken in defining pornography as problem. The explicit representation of sexual scenes is neither ‘intrinsically harmful’ nor a direct cause of violence. While men retain the reigns of an industry plagued with social stigma, porn will continue to be biased and exploitative. Yet, in the right hands, pornography can become an instrument for feminist action.   Ã‚  Ã‚   BIBLIOGRAPHY Barker, I. V. (2000): ‘Editing Pornography’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 643- 652 Butler, J. (2000): ‘The Force of Fantasy: Feminism, Mapplethorpe, and Discursive Excess’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 487-508 Carter, A. (2000): ‘Polemical Preface: Pornography in the Service of Women’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 527-539 Cornell, D. (2000): ‘Pornography’s Temptation’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 551-68 Dworkin, A. (1990): ‘Pornography: Men Possessing Women’, London: The Women’s Press Ltd C. A. MacKinnon (1988): ‘Pornography and Civil Rights: A New Day’, Minneapolis: Organizing Against Pornography Kilmer, M.F. (1997): ‘Painters and Pederasts: Ancient Art, Sexuality, and Social History’,in M. Golden and P. Toohey [eds] Inventing Ancient Culture: Historicism, Periodization, and the Ancient World, London, pp 36-49. MacKinnon, C. A. (1993): ‘Only Words’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 94-120 Rodgerson, G. E. Wilson [ed] (1991): ‘Pornography and Feminism: the Case Against Censorship’, Feminists Against Censorship, London: Lawrence Wishart Royalle, C. (2000): ‘Porn in the USA’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 540-550 Rubin, G. (1992): ‘Misguided, Dangerous and Wrong: an Analysis of Anti-pornography Politics’, in A. Assiter and A. Carol [ed], Bad Girls and Dirty Pictures: the Challenge to Reclaim Feminism, London: Pluto Press, pp 18-40 Russell, D. E. H. (2000): ‘Pornography and Rape: A Causal Model’, in D. Cornell [ed], Feminism and Pornography, Oxford Readings in Feminism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp 48-93 Sutton, R.F., Jr. (1992): ‘Pornography and Persuasion on Attic Pottery’, in A. Richlin [ed], Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome, New York, pp 3-35.

E-Menu Service

0 Project Planning Document By KP Contents Pages Introduction 3-4 Aims and Objectives 5-6 Project Scope, Milestones, Main Tasks and Deliverables 7-8 Source of Information and Resources Required 8 Project Risks 9-10 Evaluation of Professional, Social, Ethical and Legal Issues 11 Gantt Chart 12 Reference 13 1. Introduction During this project an E-Menu service for restaurants will be designed and created. The system will allow customers to order food and drink at the comfort of their own table, using a touch panel technology installed on every table in the restaurant.Each table top device allows the user to read detailed descriptions of the dishes and beverages available, whilst also displaying an image of the selected item. Placing this system in a wider context – The E-menu service is diverse and can be incorporated to work with any restaurants’ menu. The need for this service: †¢ Improvement of the ordering experience and achieving a better service. †¢ Optimi zation of customer’s satisfaction and loyalty. †¢ Development of new revenue sources for the business. Current E-menu Market ResearchConceptic is a Hi tech company established in 2005 that is active in the field of digital menus for restaurants, pubs and coffee shops (Israel Exporter 2012). The company is based in Israel and currently offers a comparable service to the one I wish to create. Facts and Figures (Conceptic Interactive Menus 2012). †¢ Table Side eMenu, 13% Increase in sales. †¢ Touch Screen Menu for waiting area 5min faster table turn around. †¢ Ipad Menu Wine List 24% Increase in Sales. †¢ Ipad Menu Food List 9% Increase in Sales. †¢ Members’ club sign ups 520% increase.The e-Menu service will benefit any establishment it is installed into. developing an electronic menu o The e-Menu service  offers many benefits to users, in particular with the presentation of your restaurant's menu items and the overall enhanced atmosphere it lends to the dining experience: The  e-Menu  offers far more than the standard paper menu. It brings food to life with vivid photographs of delicious looking meals and comprehensive up-to-date descriptions of each dish. Customers are able to view exactly what they are ordering, eliminating any confusion when the food arrives.Dietary constraints such as nut or gluten allergies will also be displayed when browsing the menu. Diners are also able to see your restaurant's specials on the screen – not tucked away on a faded chalkboard or on an insert in your usual menu. Food is only part of the dining experience. There's also the crucial element of creating the best possible atmosphere in which to enjoy a meal. The  e-Menu  offers a multitude of ways diners can entertain themselves in the process or even during the meal.The customers can choose from many entertainment features offered on the eMenu: †¢ Listen to a their favourite band †¢ Enjoy video clips †¢ Play interactive games †¢ On-screen â€Å"chatting† with diners at other tables  Ã‚   A great deal of research has been done before implicating the project. A lot of different aspects go into a successful ordering system, it must be user friendly/easy to use, have no maintenance issues, robust, longevity within the restaurant and cost effective. 2. Aims and Objectives Aim To create a working version of the E-Menu service.Objectives All objectives follow SMART methodology (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound): †¢ Create a user friendly e-Menu interface, which is quick and easy to navigate through. Usability is fundamental to this system, if the customer doesn’t understand how to navigate through the menu to order their food and drink, the system would become useless. So during the project great care will be taken when designing user interfaces, specifically when designing UI layouts trying to create a layout that is effective and eff icient.Different user interface layouts will go through testing stages, the two layouts that are most successful through testing will be shown to the restaurant we are working with. Their input on the interfaces will aid the final design stage, allowing any adjustments to be made before installation. †¢ Users are able to access social media websites while using the e-Menu system. Hyperlinks for social media websites will be displayed conveniently, allowing easy access for customers to connect to the World Wide Web, to social media sites, advertises the restaurant to many new possible customers.Special offers and promotions are often viewed online and then brought into store to be used, if the restaurant has any possible deals they can offer, using social media is a good way of advertising it. To gain access to a special promotion the customer must ‘Like’ the restaurants’ Facebook page, this is the type of method that will create a lot of awareness for the re staurant. †¢ Common food allergies (Dairy, Eggs, Fish, Nuts, Sesame, Shellfish, Soy, Sulphites, Wheat, Gluten) displayed.The whole menu’s ingredients will be checked to see if any ingredients fall within the top 10 common food allergies. Whatever ingredients are highlighted from the list, will then all be marked with a food allergy logo. When a customer is browsing the menu, and selects a dish to view it closer, a new window opens displaying the food allergy logo with some text stating the dish they are about to view has a food allergy warning. This warning system should stop any user from ordering a dish which may later cause them harm. ‘Side suggestion tab’ incorporated fully into the menu, its purpose to suggest side dishes and beverages to the user once they have selected a main meal. Different main meal choices affect the recommended dishes and drinks. This feature benefits both parties the customers and the restaurant, being recommended which bottle of wine goes well with your main or what side dish will accompany the rest of your food benefits the customer. The restaurant would benefit from the increase in side dishes and drink sales with food; this could always lead to special promotions which encourage loyalty within customers. Users will be able to view online video via YouTube. Hyperlinks will be visible on the e-Menu system, users will be able to view their favourite band, children can watch cartoons while waiting for food to be prepared. †¢ Have access to play interactive games on the e-Menu system. 3. Project Scope, Milestones, Main Tasks and Deliverables Below is a table showing the types of deliverables that are in and out of scope, also lists some of the major functions of the project. this should include Review Point 2, Demonstration and Project Thesis). |Title |In Scope |Out of scope |Reason why.. | |Search facility | |Yes |Time it would take to create a search facility for the| | | | |e-Menu service would not b e good use of the time that | | | | |has been given. |Access to social media websites|Yes | |By allowing users to access their online profile, the | | | | |company’s profile will be viewed a lot more | | | | |(advertising). | |Food and Drink suggestion tab |Yes | |A good addition from the regular menu this deliverable| | | |encourages customers to purchase more. Which may | | | | |increases business for the restaurant. | |Allergy Advise |Yes | |This system is being created so customers have a much | | | | |better understanding of the menu.If you select a main| | | | |meal which includes 1 or more ingredients that may | | | | |cause harm to the customer if they are allergic to | | | | |anything specifically, a warning logo appears whilst | | | | |ordering so the user is aware of the ingredients of | | | | |the dish. | |Create a clean and clear |Yes | |An important part of the ordering system is how users | |interface. | | |navigate around, if users can’t read the inform ation | | | | |then the system fails at 1 of its main objectives. |Customers are able to play | |Yes |This objective is aimed at creating more entertainment| |interactive games | | |for the customer. However I don’t think this objective| | | | |is achievable during the project process. | 4. Sources of Information and Resources Required. A. List of resources used to meet the scope of the project. Software – already own the software, or can gain access to the software at university sites. †¢ Adobe Photoshop CS5 †¢ Microsoft Word, most of the documentation to do with the project will be written up using the softare. †¢ Microsoft PowerPoint, my demonstration will be created on powerpoint. Microsoft Excel, the projects Gantt chart will be made using this software. †¢ Java Programming software. Hardware – purchase needed hardware †¢ Android Tablet †¢ Ipad †¢ Blackberry playbook †¢ Microsoft surface (need to acquire a device befo re testing stage). Companies – †¢ Thai restaurant, I will be contacting the restaurant multiple times over the project. I may need to ask the manager a question or even the waiting staff. Visits will be scheduled so time must be made for these meetings. †¢ Conceptic People – †¢ Group of customers at a specific restaurant spoken to. †¢ Questionnaire given out to people about the e-Menu system before it is released. Questionnaire given out to customers to gather feedback about the e-Menu system. Extra – †¢ Any reading material will be collected from Boots library or the Clifton library. If any book is needed online booking will be completed early to allow for maximum time with the text. †¢ Multiple restaurants will be visited to inspect their menus content and design. 5. Project Risks During the length of the project plan many different objectives needs to be completed. These objectives will not always be consecutively completed on ti me. For example if the E-menu system took longer than expected to programme, it would cause a delay and the next objective after that would be put on hold until work has been caught up.However a resolution for this problem has already been thought about, the time scale of this project already has a built in 2 week contingency back up, which should give adequate time to resolve the issues at hand. Another unexpected delay to the project would be any personal health issues during the development of the project. By planning in extra time for each task, delays can be kept to a minimum or avoided all together, allowing enough time to complete the project on time. Software packages can occasionally not work or crash/break altogether. If a software package crashed and it was impossible to access the software anywhere else. This may cause a delay in the project, work can’t proceed until the problem has been solved or another software package acquired. Resources needed.For the project a 3rd party device will be needed to test the system out on. An Apple iPad or android tablet would work as devices to test the system on. When ordering the devices, delivery needs to be taken into consideration online orders normally come between 1-14 working days (maximum). If the delivery was lost and the product had to be ordered again, this could evolve into another lengthy delay. University hand-ins. During the course of the project other deadlines will need attention also; a clash with deadlines is a possibility. If this was to happen while work on the project could become delayed as workloads add up and less time is available to use.After looking at all these examples of project risks, it is clear that numerous events could potentially put the project at risk. Best way to avoid these risks would be to plan for them. Contingency time has been added to the overall project plan, if needed this added time will allow for any catching up to be done on behind objectives. 6. Evaluat ion of Professional, Social, Ethical and Legal Issues Schedule 1 to the Data Protection Act lists 8 different terms. All terms need to be followed otherwise you will be breaking the law. The e-Menu system we are creating will have to abide by these laws too, term 5 â€Å" Personal data processed for any purpose or purposes shall not be kept for longer than is necessary for that purpose or those purposes† (ISO 2012).Our system if used to its maximum capability will have a lot of personal data being sent around, Billing information, credit card numbers etc†¦ If in the wrong hands this information can be used for dishonest drudgery. It’s within the restaurants best interests to create a safe and secure dining experience. Data Protection Act term 2: â€Å"Personal data shall be obtained only for one or more specified and lawful purposes, and shall not be further processed in any manner incompatible with that purpose or those purposes† (ISO 2012). Computer Misus e Act â€Å"An Act to make provision for securing computer material against unauthorised access or modification; and for connected purposes† (Government 1990) The computer misuse act is another PSEL dilemma that could affect the system. If customers’ data is not safe it could be used for fraud or other criminal offences.The complex E-menu system will deter any hackers from the system, disaster recovery plans for the system will be followed if any attack or hack transpired. [pic] References o Conceptic Interactive Menus. (2012). Home Page. Available: http://www. emenu-international. com/. Last accessed 23rd Oct 2012. o Government . (1990). Computer Misuse Act . Available:http://www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1990/18/introduction. Last accessed 26th Oct 2012. o o ICO. (2012). Data protection principles. Available: http://www. ico. gov. uk/for_organisations/data_protection/the_guide/the_principles. aspx. Last accessed 26/10/12. o Israel Exporter. (2012). Conceptic Intera ctive Menus. Available: http://www. israelexporter. com. Last accessed 23rd Oct 2012. ———————– Gantt Chart for my project.

Luxury brands Essay

Whenever you switch on the television, or flip through the pages of magazines, you are bombarded with celebrity news and reality shows that touch your inner needs to feel beautiful, important and recognized. Those gorgeous people in advertisements tell you that their lifestyle and material possessions like clothes and accessories can make you beautiful as well, and help you to be part of their world. All you need to do is to buy the right fashion brands by the right designers. Then you start to crave for the Louis Vuitton bag or the Chanel glasses. Soon you are hooked by the luxury. Fashion has always played a significant role in the history of the great civilizations. With the clear differences between social classes the consumption of luxury was limited to the elite classes. The nineteenth century marked the beginning of the luxury goods sector and the start of many of the highly valuable luxury brands that we know today, e. g. Gucci, Hermes, Cartier and Louis Vuitton in France, Burberry in England and Bvlgare in Italy. Nowadays, the luxury fashion sector is the fourth largest revenue generator in France, and one of the most remarkable sectors in Italy, Spain, the USA and the emerging markets of China, Russia and India. The luxury industry has increased impressively having a huge growth in demand. The luxury consumer is powerful. Consumers have much choice in products, shopping channels and pricing of luxury goods. The aim of this study is to examine young people’s attitudes, i. e. their beliefs, feelings and purchase intentions, towards luxury brands. The author tries to find out what â€Å"luxury† means to young people, what influences their consumer decision-making, and on a small scale, young adults luxury brand awareness. 3 defining factors of luxury: Luxury is nonessential: Luxury is desired, not needed. In luxury you are at your best. It makes your life richer and more worth living. Luxury is â€Å"hard to get†: Its availability is restricted by high price, by small series, by exclusiveness. If you are allowed at all to try and get it, it demands an effort, a sacrifice. Luxury is superb, inspiring feelings of wonder and excitement: It represents an outstanding achievement, it is a divine experience. You cannot but admire the people that created it. You are so charged up that you must share your experience with others. What is Brand? A distinguishing symbol, mark, logo, name, word, sentence or a combination of these items that companies use to distinguish their product from others in the market. Once a brand has created positive sentiment among its target audience, the firm is said to have built brand equity. Levels of brands:- Signature brands – These are the most expensive brands in their category. They are personal creations, one of a kind, signed by a highly acclaimed authority or by an artist of supreme status (an outfit created by Tom Ford) Supreme brands – These are products that are produced in limited series, often hand crafted (a Rolls Royce Phantom 101EX car, the service at Tiffany & Co. , or a night at the Ritz Hotel in Paris). High End brands – High quality mass production (from a BeoCenter2 music system by Bang & Olufsen to G Collection chocolate pieces by Godiva). 6 P’s of luxury brand marketing. Performance:- Performance refers to the delivery of superior experience of a luxury brand at two levels – first, at a product level which must satisfy the functional and utilitarian characteristic as well as deliver on its practical physical attributes and, second, at an experiential level i-e the emotional value of the brand the consumers buy into – beyond what the product is to what it represents. Pedigree:- Many luxury brands have a rich pedigree and extraordinary history that turn into an inseparable part of the brand’s mystique which isbuilt around the exceptional legendary founder character of the past. Paucity:- over distribution of luxury brands can cause dilution of luxury character. Hence, many brands try to maintain the perception that the goods are scarce. paucity is more promotional in nature such as the limited editions or the special series to generate artificial desire and demand. Public figures:- Public figures or celebrities have traditionally been employed as one of the marketing mix in luxury brand advertising and they still continue to grab attention, credibility and impact. This strategy attempts to remove the appearance of â€Å"selling† while still promoting the product by making it seem as a part of the celebrity’s lives, thereby positively affecting the consumer’s attitudes, brand value and purchase intention. Public relations:- plays an enormous role in image proliferation of the brand, thereby subtly influencing public opinion. PR is used to generate buzz and convey brand news. Pricing:- Consciously or subconsciously, consumers tend to generate a mental luxury stature or image with the price range that the brand operates. it is important for luxury brands to price themselves right as setting the price lower than consumer expectation and willingness to pay can potentially harm the brand value. Five steps to build a luxury brands Identifying a niche segment:- Luxury brands are built on the premise of offering high symbolic value to a very selective segment of consumers who are more focused on high status associations than the underlying price. As luxury brands are substantively different from other brands. Positioning based on high levels of differentiation:- As global brands strategize their competitive moves, they are likely to either follow a cost leadership strategy or a differentiation strategy. luxury brands should aggressively differentiate their brand experience. luxury brands are characterized by high levels of customer loyalty, that define their identity and powerful associations. Emphasizing symbolic value:- The most important element is the brand’s ability to create and communicate symbolic value for its customers. Symbolic value means the extent to which the brand is perceived by the customers. Creating perceptions of exclusivity:- All luxury brands strive to create a sense of exclusivity for their customers. Perceptions of exclusivity can be created by unattainable price, limited geographic availability, barriers to possession, or even limited supply. It enables the brand to sustain its positioning in the face of extreme external shocks such as heightened competition, regulatory shocks or even recession. Uncompromising delivery on superior brand promise:- Successful brands are those that create supportive organizational and operational structures that facilitate the implementation of strategies to deliver on promises which involves multiple dimensions in the case of luxury brands. they also will need to project consistency and continuity at every possible touch point. Objectives of the study:- To examine consumer’s motives for buying luxury brands. To identify the factors influencing the consumer’s at the time of purchasing luxury brands. To measure the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction among the people with their preferred luxury brands. To examine consumer’s preferences towards celebrity endorsed brands in comparison to premium brands. Need of the study:- It has been observed the growth of Luxury market is growing by leaps and bounds. The world has become a very small place in terms of geographies and global distance is getting shorter and shorter every day. Modes of communication have increased considerably and hence people have exposure to varying products available at a premium cadre across the globe. Hence it becomes imperative to design and market. Luxury brands that have a universal appeal and can take on the needs and aspirations of people across the globe. Review of Literature:- (Hansen & Wanke, 2011) Luxury is highly desirable, but affordable only to a few. Luxury is often described as something being of excellent quality, which means that the ingredients or components of a luxury product are exceptional and superior to what is found in ordinary products. (Dubois & Kapferer, 2010) were among the first to recognize the importance of international luxury products and brands in academic literature. (Dijk, 2009) Luxury brands is the kind of goods for which demand increases as income rises, and goods that have a high income elasticity of demand. (Silverstein & Fiske, 2008) Brands are important when creating an individual style, especially when talking about shoes, clothing, watches, fashion accessories, spirits and cars. Brands send messages to friends, lovers and potential employers about who a person is or would like to be. (Danziger, 2005) Luxuries are the extras in life that make it more fulfilling, more rewarding, more comfortable, more enjoyable†. She further suggests a definition for the concept, which states that luxury is â€Å"that which nobody needs but desires†. (Vickers, 2003) It has been remarked that luxury goods are higher in the psychological, social and symbolic dimension, while non luxury goods score higher in the functional value. (Dubois & Czellar, 2002) have also explored the relationship between the concepts of â€Å"luxury and â€Å"prestige† as applied to brands by means of an interpretative analysis of in-depth consumer interviews. The results indicated that prestige can be achieved independently of luxury in many categories. At a symbolic level, consumers can interpret luxury as the symbol of brand prestige. (Dubois, Laurent & Sandor Czellar, 2001) published a consumer report analyzing complex and ambivalent attitudes to luxury. Again they conducted two studies. The first study was a consumer-based exploratory analysis with usual qualitative interviewing methods. Research Methodology:- Research is an intensive study in a particular field to achieve at a better conclusion of a problem. Research Methodology is a systematic way of solving the problem. 1) Research Type:- Type of research used is Descriptive Research. The purpose of using the descriptive research method is to acquire accurate, factual, systematic data that can provide you with an actual picture of the data set that you are reviewing. 2) Research Design:- The research design is the basic framework or a plan for a study that guides the collection of data and analysis of data. It includes how data is to be collected, what instruments will be employed, how the instruments will be used and the intended means for analyzing data collected. 3) Data collection method:- a) Primary data:- Questionnaire: These are designed to collect information which consists of relevant questions about the respondent’s attitude and consumer preferences. It is semi-structured, has a combination of close and open ended questions. A sample of 100 will be chosen. The survey will aim at young people under the age 20-30 in Ludhiana. b) Secondary data:- Information that has been previously gathered for some purpose other than the current research project. Information gathered from research journals, books, internet and articles. 3)Sampling:- When some of the elements are selected with the intention of finding out something about the population from which they are taken, that group of elements is referred as a sample, and the process of selection is called Sampling. 4) Sampling Unit:- A single section selected to research and gather statistics of the whole. Limitations:- A major limitation of the project is that it lacks broader exploration on consumer perception and purchasing of luxury products and its relationship with local products. This study has a homogeneous sample and its analyses and tests can only be applied to present luxury consumers. The sample size for both, quantitative and qualitative research might be seen as a further limitation of this research impacting the extent of generalization and should be increased in future research. This would also allow for a better differentiations to gender, age and/or income groups and for higher levels of R-square explanation. The positive relationships between purchasing of luxury goods and the need of uniqueness, symbolic/status consumption and identity indicate that most of the people want to avoid similarity, but, at the same time, they want to possess the status symbols that are consumed to symbolize personal and social identity.

Unitarian and Universalist Women

Unitarian and Universalist Women Many Unitarian and Universalist women were among the activists who worked for womens rights; others were leaders in the arts, humanities, politics and other fields. Â  The list below is fairly extensive and includes women from before the Unitarian and Universalist movements merged as well as afterwards, and also includes some women from neighboring movements including Ethical Culture. Listed in order of their birth years. American unless otherwise indicated. Anne Bradstreet 1612-1672 Nonconformist poet, writer; descendents include Unitarians William Ellery Channing, Wendell Phillips, Oliver Wendell Holmes Anna Laetitia Aiken Barbauld 1743-1825 Unitarian (British) activist, poet Judith Sargent Murray 1751-1820 Universalist poet and author; wrote essay on feminism: On the Equality of the Sexes in 1790 (Rossi, 1973) Mary Wollstonecraft 1759-1797 Unitarian; married Unitarian minister author, wrote Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792) and Maria or the Wrongs of Woman; mother of Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, author. Mary Moody Emerson 1774-1863 Unitarian writer; many of her unpublished writings foreshadow the ideas of her nephew, Ralph Waldo Emerson Maria Cook 1779-1835 Universalist jailed after preaching Universalism Lucy Barnes 1780-1809 Universalist Universalist writer, poet Eliza Lee Cabot Follen 1787-1860 Unitarian childrens author, abolitionist; she, with husband Charles Follen, Harvard German instructor, introduced the Christmas tree custom to America Eliza Farrar 1791-1870 Quaker, Unitarian childrens author, abolitionist Lucretia Mott 1793-1880 Quaker, Free Religious Association reformer: abolition, feminism, peace, temperance, liberal religion; cousin of Phebe Hanaford (also on this list) Frederika Bremer 1801-1865 Unitarian (Swedish) novelist, feminist, pacifist Harriet Martineau 1802-1876 British Unitarian writer, social critic, journalist, feminist Lydia Maria Child 1802-1880 Unitarian author, abolitionist, reformer; wrote An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans and Over the River and Through the Woods Dorothea Dix 1802-1887 Unitarian mental health reformer, prison reformer, poet Elizabeth Palmer Peabody 1804-1894 Unitarian, Transcendentalist (teacher, author, reformer; sister to Mary Peabody Mann and Sophia Peabody Hawthorne (both also on this list); close associate of William Ellery Channing Sarah Flower Adams 1805-1848 Unitarian (British) hymn writer: Nearer My God to Thee Mary Tyler Peabody Mann 1806-1887 Unitarian educator; sister to Elizabeth Palmer Peabody and Sophia Peabody Hawthorne (both on this list), married to Horace Mann Maria Weston Chapman 1806-1885 Unitarian abolitionist Mary Carpenter 1807-1877 Unitarian (British) abolitionist, teacher, juvenile justice reformer Sophia Peabody Hawthorne 1809-1871 Unitarian author and writer; sister to Elizabeth Parker Peabody and Mary Peabody Mann (both also on this list), married to Nathaniel Hawthorne Fanny Kemble 1809-1893 Unitarian (British) poet, Shakespearean actress; author of Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838-39 Margaret Fuller 1810-1850 Unitarian, Transcendentalist American writer, journalist, and philosopher; friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson Elizabeth Gaskell 1810-1865 Unitarian writer, reformer, wife of Unitarian minister William Gaskell Ellen Sturgis Hooper 1812-1848 Transcendentalist Unitarian poet, sister of Caroline Sturgis Tappan (also on this list) Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1815-1902 Unitarian suffragist, organizer, writer, co-author of The Womans Bible, mother of Harriot Stanton Blatch (also on this list) Lydia Moss Bradley 1816-1908 Unitarian and Universalist educator, philanthropist, founded Bradley University Charlotte Saunders Cushman 1816-1876 Unitarian actor Lucy N. Colman 1817-1906 Universalist abolitionist, feminist, freethinker Lucy Stone 1818-1893 Unitarian feminist, suffragist, abolitionist; married Henry Brown Blackwell whose sisters were Elizabeth Blackwell and Emily Blackwell (both on this list) and whose brother Samuel Blackwell married Antoinette Brown Blackwell (also on this list); mother of Alice Stone Blackwell (also on this list) Sallie Holley 1818-1893 Unitarian abolitionist, educator Maria Mitchell 1818-1889 Unitarian astronomer Caroline Sturgis Tappan 1819-1868 Transcendentalist Unitarian poet, childrens author, sister of Ellen Sturgis Hooper (also on this list) Julia Ward Howe 1819-1910 Unitarian, Free Religious Association writer, poet, abolitionist, social reformer; author of Battle Hymn of the Republic; promoter of Mothers Day for Peace; mother of Laura E. Richards and married to Samuel Gridley Howe, founder of the Perkins School for the Blind, researcher Lydia Pinkham 1819-1883 Universalist (eclectic) patent medicine inventor, businesswoman, advertising writer, advice columnist Florence Nightingale 1820-1910 British Unitarian nurse; founded nursing as a modern profession; mathematician: invented the pie chart Mary Ashton Rice Livermore 1820-1905 lecturer,suffragist, temperance advocate, helped organize Civil War Sanitary Commission Susan Brownell Anthony 1820-1906 Unitarian and Quaker reformer, suffragist) Alice Cary1820-1871 Universalist author, poet, abolitionist, suffragist; sister of Phoebe Cary (also on this list) Clara Barton 1821-1912 Universalist American Red Cross founder Elizabeth Blackwell 1821-1910 Unitarian and Episcopalian physician, sister of Emily Blackwell, sister of Samuel Blackwell who was married to Antoinette Brown Blackwell, and of Henry Blackwell, married to Lucy Stone (Emily Blackwell, Antoinette Brown Blackwell, and Lucy Stone are on this list) Caroline Wells Healey Dall 1822-1912 Unitarian reformer, author Frances Power Cobbe 1822-1904 Unitarian (British) feminist, anti-vivisectionist Elizabeth Cabot Cary Agassiz 1822-1907 Unitarian scientist, author, educator, first president of Radcliffe College; married to Louis Agassiz Sarah Hammond Palfrey 1823-1914 writer; daughter of John Gorham Palfrey Phoebe Cary 1824-1871 Universalist poet, abolitionist, suffragist; sister of Alice Cary (also on this list) Ednah Dow Littlehale Cheney 1824-1904 Universalist, Unitarian, Free Religious Association civil rights activist, suffragist, editor, speaker Antoinette Brown Blackwell 1825-1921 Congregational and Unitarian minister minister, author, lecturer: possibly the first woman ordained as a Protestant minister in the US by a recognized denomination; later married Samuel Blackwell, brother of Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell and of Henry Blackwell who was married to Lucy Stone (Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell and Lucy Stone are on this list) Frances Ellen Watkins Harper 1825-1911 Unitarian writer, poet, abolitionist, feminist, temperance advocate Emily Blackwell 1826-1910 Unitarian physician, sister of Elizabeth Blackwell, of Samuel Blackwell who was married to Antoinette Brown Blackwell, and of Henry Blackwell who was married to Lucy Stone (Lucy Stone, Elizabeth Blackwell, and Antoinette brown Blackwell are on this list) Matilda Joslyn Gage 1826-1898 Unitarian suffragist, reformer; her daughter Maud married L. Frank Baum, author of The Wizard of Oz. Gage retained her membership in the Baptist church; later became a Theosophist. [picture] Maria Cummins 1827-1866 Unitarian author Barbara Bodichon 1827-1891 Unitarian (British) artist, landscape watercolorist; writer, cofounder of Griton college; feminist activist Phebe Ann Coffin Hanaford 1829-1921 Universalist minister, author, poet, suffragist; cousin of Lucretia Mott (also on this list) Abigail May Williams 1829-1888 Emily Dickinson 1830-1886 Transcendentalist poet; Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Unitarian minister, was an important figure in her career Helen Hunt Jackson 1830-1885 Transcendentalist author; proponent of Indian rights; no church connection as an adult Louisa May Alcott 1832-1888 Transcendentalist author, poet; best known for Little Women Jane Andrews 1833-1887 Unitarian educator, childrens author Rebecca Sophia Clarke 1833 -1906 Unitarian childrens author Annie Adams Field 1834-1915 Unitarian author, literary hostess, charity worker; married to James Fields, editor of the Atlantic; after his death lived with Sarah Orne Jewitt, author Olympia Brown 1835-1926 Universalist minister, suffragist Augusta Jane Chapin 1836-1905 Universalist minister, activist; one of the chief organizers of the Parliament of the Worlds Religions, 1893, especially of participation of many women of a variety of faiths in this event Ada C. Bowles 1836-1928 Universalist suffragist, abolitionist, temperance supporter, home economist Fanny Baker Ames 1840-1931 Unitarian charity organizer; suffragist, teacher; leader of the Unitarian Womens Auxiliary Conference Charlotte Champe Stearns Eliot 1843-1929 Unitarian author, reformer; father-in-law was William Greenleaf Eliot, Unitarian minister and founder of Washington University, St. Louis; son was T.S. Eliot, poet Eliza Tupper Wilkes 1844-1917 Universalist and Unitarian minister Emma Eliza Bailey 1844-1920 Universalist Universalist minister) Celia Parker Woolley 1848-1919 Unitarian, Free Religious Association minister,social reformer Ida Husted Harper 1851-1931 Unitarian journalist, historian and biographer and press expert for the woman suffrage movement Anna Garlin Spencer 1851-1931 Free Religious Association minister, writer, educator, NAACP founder, social reformer; also wife of Unitarian minister William B. Spencer; though Spencer was associated with Unitarian, Universalist, and Ethical Culture congregations, she identified with the broader free religion Mary Augusta Safford 1851-1927 Unitarian minister Eleanor Elizabeth Gordon 1852-1942 Unitarian minister Maud Howe Elliott 1854-1948 Unitarian author, social reformer; daughter of Julia Ward Howe (also on this list) Maria Baldwin 1856-1922 Unitarian educator, reformer, first African American woman principal Harriot Stanton Blatch 1856-1940 Unitarian suffragist; daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton (also on this list) Alice Stone Blackwell 1857-1950 Unitarian suffragist, reformer; daughter of Lucy Stone (also on this list) and Henry Brown Blackwell Fannie Farmer 1857-1915 Unitarian (and Universalist?) cookbook author, teacher of cooking and dietetics; first to write recipes wit exact measurements Ida C. Hultin 1858-1938 Unitarian and Universalist minister; spoke at 1893 Parliament of the Worlds Religions Caroline Julia Bartlett Crane 1858-1935 Unitarian minister, social reformer, sanitation reformer Carrie Clinton Chapman Catt 1859-1947 Unitarian connections suffragist, pacifist, founder of League of Women Voters Ellen Gates Starr 1859-1940 Unitarian roots, converted to Roman Catholicism co-founder of Hull House, labor activist, Socialist Charlotte Perkins Stetson Gilman 1860-1935 Unitarian (feminist, speaker, author of Herland, The Yellow Wallpaper) Jane Addams 1860-1935 Presbyterian social reformer, settlement house founder; author of Twenty Years at Hull House; attended All Souls Unitarian Church in Chicago and the Ethical Culture Society in Chicago for many years; was briefly an Interim Lecturer at the Ethical Society; retained her membership in a Presbyterian congregation Florence Buck 1860-1925 Unitarian minister, religious educator, writer Kate Cooper Austin1864-1902 Universalist, freethinker feminist, anarchist, writer Alice Ames Winter 1865-1944 Unitarian Womans Club leader, author; daugher of Fanny Baker Ames (also on this list) Beatrix Potter 1866-1943 Unitarian (British) artist, author; wrote Peter Rabbit series Emily Greene Balch 1867-1961 Unitarian, Quaker 1946 Nobel Prize for Peace; economist, pacifist, a founder of the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom Katherine Philips Edson 1870-1933 Unitarian suffragist, reformer, labor arbitrator (Sara) Josephine Baker 1873-1945 Unitarian health reformer, physician, public health administrator Amy Lowell 1874-1925 Unitarian poet Edna Madison McDonald Bonser 1875-1949 Universalist minister, religious educator; first woman minister in Illinois Clara Cook Helvie 1876-1969 minister Sophia Lyon Fahs 1876-1978 Unitarian Universalist religious educator, minister Ida Maud Cannon 1877-1960 Unitarian social worker; known as founder of medical social work Margaret Sanger 1883-1966 birth control advocate, social reformer Marjorie M. Brown 1884-1987 Unitarian (uthor, Lady in Boomtown Maja V. Capek 1888-1966 Unitarian (Czechoslovakian) Unitarian minister; helped create the Flower Communion and introduce it to Unitarians in America and Europe Margaret Barr 1897? - 1973 Unitarian (British) educator, administrator, helped create Unitarian church movement in Khasi Hills, India; friend of Gandhi May Sarton 1912-1995 Unitarian Universalist poet, author Sylvia Plath poet Malvina Reynolds songwriter, folksinger Frances Moore Lappe author, nutritionist, activist: wrote Diet for a Small Planet Jewel Graham Unitarian Universalist social welfare educator; President, World YWCA

Campaign Finance Reform essays

Campaign Finance Reform essays Money has been the main issue said to be corrupting politics, and the use of money in campaigns is not said to be in the best interest of the American people. Campaign Finance has been out of control in the recent political races. Candidates are taking money from wherever they can get it. The soft money is going into elections without any type of care. The people or businesses making these contributions usually dont have the typical views on issues and candidates end up representing the wrong people. Money seems to decide races, and this sometimes leaves the better man who spends less money out of a position. Candidates usually make decisions based on what will help them and what is better for the people. Contributions by corporations are not made in the interest of the people, hurting them in ways they dont even know. With this occurring campaign finance reform is needed to keep our country fair in politics. Corporations who usually make the largest donations to campaigns dont share the same views as many Americans. Politicians will listen to the people who give them money so they can depend on that money always being there. The issue with these people having more power in government than the people with less money is taking away from the equal opportunities for everyone and that is wrong. There has to be a change in the way that campaigns are financed if it is to become fair. Politicians will probably eventually only work for those with money if it isnt reformed. Money has been the major factor in most political races. It can usually sway a decision on the way its used. From what we found, is that in the House, the candidate who spends the most money on their campaign wins 90% of the time and almost 90% of the time in the Senate too. The is causing everyone to be desperate for money to win and candidates are force ...

Smith Systems Consulting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Smith Systems Consulting - Essay Example e there is an inevitable need to have a reliable password security system that encompasses the properties of both safety and simplicity in the most balanced manner. At smith Systems Consulting, we have been in the business of offering lasting solutions to business information through installation of security passwords that are hard to hack. The proposal we are offering to incorporate in your company uses the most recent art of technology to ensure that only responsible people are allowed to company information. For simplicity and unification, we propose to install touch-screen password system that allows access via approval by at least two company signatories. The number can though be varied to suit the convenience of operation yet still not compromising the safety aspect. With the increasing worth of Riordan Manufacturing, this system guarantees safety and accountability into accessing company information. The additional material needed to implement the system are few as it uses most of the already in use items within the company. This lowers both cost of installation and maintenance. The touch-technology simplifies the system making it the most effective user-friendly password security system which can be unified easily to close all the loopholes that might be used by

Archaeology through DNA analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Archaeology through DNA analysis - Essay Example An example can be seen through a recent discovery which led a group of researchers' claim into having been able to positively identified the remains of Copernicus-the first astronomer who theorized that it is the Sun, not the Earth, that is in the center of the universe. Such findings have put an end for years of debates and speculation over the location where the 'unsung hero' was exactly buried. The article ensues from the discovery of a grave and remains under the floor tiles of the cathedral where Copernicus was purportedly buried by Polish archaeologist Jerzy Gassowski and his team last August of 2005. Hence, a thorough examination of the article suggests that there is heavy dependence on the field findings for which the resources for the DNA analysis were indeed drawn from. Such were the tooth and a femur bone of the remains that were matched with a separate finding of two strands of hair from one of the said astronomer's books. Furthermore in support of the result through a dissimilar process, experts' reconstruction of the skull shows distinct indications of several facial features from Copernicus's portraits. This includes a broken nose and a cut above the left eye which coincides with a scar mark. The reconstruction also paved way to a visualization of Copernicus's face in flesh. On account of the quantitative significance of these field findings, it can still be assumed that the performed DNA analysis endowed such findings with more meaning. Through the DNA analysis, experts and researchers were able to merge the "minor" individual discoveries (i.e. the suspected remains, the hair in Copernicus's book and Copernicus's portraits) into a more conclusive and well-harmonized "major" discovery. Consequently, this article demonstrates that archaeology is not enclosed within pure discoveries but it also concerns verification of those discoveries. And now, with the advancement of technology, we are stimulated by the fact that even the smallest and most seemingly marginal of field findings before, that of a single strand of hair can also possibly yield significant contributions to the verification of a major discovery. It is important to note then that "minor" discoveries can be as relevant as "major" discoveries such that the former also constitutes the latter. With the technology of DNA analysis at hand, it can be presumed that archaeologists today are faced with deeper challenges on extracting and handling evidences from archaeological sites and in material resources. More so, the article also illustrates another magnificent advancement in technology. That is, the ability of experts today to generate a flesh visualization of deceased beings-whether humans or animals, through the reconstructions of their skulls. With this, the public may become more interested and be able to relate more with history as they are being discovered. Study of Migration in Africa through DNA analysis Another popular function of DNA analysis, which has been mentioned earlier, is genealogy detection. Recently, this technique has been used by Stanford University researchers in order to determine traces of ancestry between two regions in Africa at different periods of time. This has led the researchers to have successfully established that animal-herding methods were brought to Africa through migration rather than through the sharing of knowledge in between groups of